Permafrost or permanently frozen ground is defined as the ground (soil or rock and the included ice and organic material) that remains at or below zero degrees Celsius for at least two consecutive years. They are now looking into the role of permafrost and its slow thawing under the influence of global warming in triggering disasters like Chamoli and Melamchi. High Mountain Asia, researchers say, is highly vulnerable to these cascading hazards. Over 100 homes were washed away and 400 households displaced six highway bridges and 12 suspension footbridges were swept away.Ĭhamoli and Melamchi disasters are “ cascading hazards” - a primary trigger such as heavy rainfall, seismic activity like an earthquake, or unexpected snow melting, followed by a web of consequences that cause subsequent hazards influenced by a mix of preconditions and vulnerabilities. In the same year, the Melamchi river overflow and flooding in the Sindhupalchowk district of Nepal killed over 20 people. In 2021, 72 people were killed and over 200 went missing in flash floods in India’s Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. The year 2013 saw the devastating Kedarnath floods on the Indian side of the Himalayas, followed by back-to-back avalanches on Mount Everest in 20. At its mildest, it manifests as irregular rains or snowfall, warmer winters, etc., but the valley residents live in constant fear of things escalating any day. Warm winters, warmer summers, landslides, avalanches, and GLOFs (glacier lake outburst flood) - the Himalayan region is increasingly witnessing the vagaries of global warming. Summers are a lot warmer now,” said Kapindra Rai, a programme officer at Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee, a non-profit that manages waste in the Everest region. Last year, we had unnaturally heavy snowfall in winter. “These mountains used to be white with snow at this time they have only a few streaks of snow now.
The local people point to the mountains cast in sombre brown. Avalanches, landslides, and unseasonal rains are becoming terrifyingly frequent. The pandemic has added to the effects of constantly changing weather that worry the local communities. “The business is not profitable,” she said. Setbacks are not new to the residents of Namche Bazaar however, the last two years seemed worse, admitted Dilkumari Rai from the Solu region of the Solukhumbu district, who runs a small Nepalese and Chinese eatery. Located on the way to the Everest south base camp, this bustling market has seen reduced footfall because of the pandemic. At Namche Bazaar, a town in the Everest region of Nepal at an elevation of 3555 metres above sea level (m a.s.l), life, and business have not been the same since the COVID-19 outbreak.
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